Sputum analysis is a diagnostic test that involves examining the mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the lungs and airways. This test is commonly used to assess respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis, as well as other pulmonary conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During sputum analysis, a sample of sputum is collected from the patient and then examined for various markers of inflammation, infection, and other abnormalities. This can include looking for bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, as well as assessing the presence of white blood cells, red blood cells, and other substances that may indicate underlying lung disease. Sputum analysis is an important tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory conditions, as it can provide valuable information about the underlying cause of symptoms and help guide treatment decisions. It is often performed in conjunction with other tests, such as chest x-rays, blood tests, and pulmonary function tests, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's respiratory health.